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ip

The ip command is similar to the ifconfig command, but more powerful. Its main function is to display or configure network devices.

The ip command is an enhanced version of the network configuration tool in Linux, which replaces the ifconfig command.

Syntax​

ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
ip [ -force ] -batch filename

  • OBJECT:

    OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
           tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
           netns | l2tp | macsec | tcp_metrics | token }

    -V: Display version information of the command;
    -s: Output more detailed information;
    -f: Force the usage of the specified protocol family;
    -4: Specify that the network layer protocol used is IPv4;
    -6: Specify that the network layer protocol used is IPv6;
    -0: Output each record in a single line, even if the content is long;
    -r: When displaying hosts, use domain names instead of IP addresses.

  • OPTIONS:

    OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
            -h[uman-readable] | -iec |
            -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | bridge | link } |
            -4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 |
            -l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
            -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -ts[hort] | -b[atch] [filename] |
            -rc[vbuf] [size] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] }

    Network object: Specify the network object to manage;
    Specific operation: Perform specific operation on the specified network object;
    help: Display help information on the supported operation commands of the network object.

Common Commands​

ip link show                     # Show network interface information
ip link set eth0 up             # Enable network card
ip link set eth0 down            # Disable network card
ip link set eth0 promisc on      # Enable promiscuous mode for network card
ip link set eth0 promisc off     # Disable promiscuous mode for network card
ip link set eth0 txqueuelen 1200 # Set the queue length for the network card
ip link set eth0 mtu 1400        # Set the maximum transmission unit for the network card

ip addr show     # Show IP information for the network card
ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # Assign IP address 192.168.0.1 to eth0 network card
ip addr del 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # Delete IP address of eth0 network card

ip route show # Show system routes
ip route add default via 192.168.1.254   # Set the default route for the system
ip route list                 # View route information
ip route add 192.168.1.0/24  via  192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # Set the gateway for 192.168.4.0 network segment to 192.168.0.254, using eth0 interface
ip route add default via  192.168.0.254  dev eth0        # Set the default gateway to 192.168.0.254
ip route del 192.168.1.0/24   # Delete the gateway for 192.168.4.0 network segment
ip route del default          # Delete the default route
ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 # Delete route

Get all network interfaces of the host

ip link | grep -E '^[0-9]' | awk -F: '{print $2}'